Civil law in India is primarily governed by the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), serving as the key legislation addressing civil matters. The CPC categorizes various civil cases, encompassing contract disputes, tort claims, property disputes, and family matters. It delineates the procedures for filing a lawsuit and the subsequent steps until a judgment is rendered. This discussion delves into the diverse types of civil cases in India and their stipulations under the CPC.

The CPC defines an agreement as a promise or pact between two or more parties, which can be written or verbal. While written contracts, such as marriage agreements, carry legal weight, verbal agreements lack enforceability. The key obligations in both written and oral contracts pertain to their validity, content, obligation performance, and the enforcement of rights. In the event of one party breaching the agreement without notice, it constitutes an anticipatory breach, requiring compensation for any resulting losses, including potential profit loss.

Civil law encompasses a broad spectrum, encompassing contracts, torts, property, family law, and probate. The CPC outlines provisions for common civil law matters, such as contract law, torts, property law, family law, and probate. These provisions cover aspects like contract formation, performance, remedies for breaches, and termination; tort liability, damages, and defenses; property ownership, trespass, nuisance, and landlord-tenant rights; family law matters like marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption; and the probate process for settling an individual’s estate, covering will administration, intestacy, and estate distribution.